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Respiratory depression limits the use of opioid analgesia. Although well described clinically, the specific mechanisms of opioid action on respiratory control centres in the brain have, until recently, been less well understood. This article reviews the mechanisms of opioid-induced respiratory depression, from the cellular to the systems level, to highlight gaps in our current understanding, an...
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We describe two studies designed to elucidate the role of endogenous opioids in blood pressure control in humans. In the first study, nine normal subjects received infusions of DAMME (a metenkephalin analog), naloxone, or saline, and blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine concentration were determined supine and following 5 minutes of 70 degrees head-up tilt at intervals for 6 ho...
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While driving along a desert highway, we can easily predict the consequences of turning the wheel and changing lanes. However, in heavy traffic this is not the case. Traffic dynamics is complex and the response to any individual change depends on how the other drivers accommodate it [1]. This type of cooperative dynamics in complex systems makes controlling them a scientific and technological c...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
سال: 2017
ISSN: 0306-5251
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13346